Wetenschappelijk onderzoek over spataderen

Het protocol voor de behandeling spataderen is op basis van wetenschappelijke publicaties ontwikkeld. Hierbij is gebruik gemaakt van hoog gekwalificerd recent onderzoek dat wordt gepubliceerd in de PubMed database. placebo controlled onderzoek, meta analyses en reviews hebben de voorkeur. Dit soort onderzoek valt onder Evidence Based Medicine.

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Pathology

National Library of Medicine (PubMed)

    REVIEW

  1. Partsch H. Vasa. 2009 Nov;38(4):293-301. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526.38.4.293. Varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency
    Varicose veins are a very frequent disorder with prevalence in our adult population between 14% for large varices and 59% for small teleangiectasias. Subjective symptoms may be very non-specific. The term “chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)” defines functional abnormalities of the venous system producing advanced symptoms like oedema, skin changes or leg ulcers.[Abstract]

  2. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Varicose veins
    Varicose veins are veins that have become enlarged and tortuous (twisted). When veins become varicose, the leaflets of the valves no longer meet properly, and the valves do not work (valvular incompetence). This allows blood to flow backwards and they enlarge even more.[Article]

    3. REVIEW

  3. Robert T. Eberhardt, MD; Joseph D. Raffetto, MD Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
    The most common manifestations of chronic venous disease are dilated cutaneous veins, such as telangiectases and reticular veins, and varicose veins. Although the term CVI is often used to exclude uncomplicated varicose veins, varicose veins have incompetent valves with increased venous pressure leading to progressive dilation and tortuosity.[Article]

    4. REVIEW

  4. Oklu R1, Habito R, Mayr M, Deipolyi AR, Albadawi H, Hesketh R, Walker TG, Linskey KR, Long CA, Wicky S, Stoughton J, Watkins MT. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012 Jan;23(1):33-9; quiz 40. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.09.010. Pathogenesis of varicose veins
    In the past decade, there has been a shift from initial theories based on purely mechanical factors to hypotheses pointing to complex molecular changes causing histologic alterations in the vessel wall and extracellular matrix..[Abstract]

    5. REVIEW

  5. Lim CS1, Davies AH. Br J Surg. 2009 Nov;96(11):1231-42. doi: 10.1002/bjs.6798. Pathogenesis of primary varicose veins
    Valvular incompetence and reflux are common features of primary varicose veins, and have long been thought to be their cause. Recent evidence, however, suggests that changes in the vein wall may precede valvular dysfunction.[Abstract]

    6. REVIEW

  6. Pfisterer L, König G, Hecker M, Korff T. Vasa. 2014 Mar;43(2):88-99. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000335. Pathogenesis of varicose veins – lessons from biomechanics
    The development of varicose veins or chronic venous insufficiency is preceded by and associated with the pathophysiological remodelling of the venous wall. Recent work suggests that an increase in venous filling pressure is sufficient to promote varicose remodelling of veins by augmenting wall stress and activating venous endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In line with this, known risk factors such as prolonged standing or an obesity-induced increase in venous filling pressure may contribute to varicosis.[Abstract]

    7. REVIEW

  7. Somers P1, Knaapen M. Angiology. 2006 Oct-Nov;57(5):546-55. The histopathology of varicose vein disease
    Several theories exist from incompetence of the valves to a disturbance of the smooth muscle cells (SMC) and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) organization providing a weakness of the venous wall.[Abstract]

    8. REVIEW

  8. Raffetto JD1, Khalil RA. Phlebology. 2008;23(2):85-98. doi: 10.1258/phleb.2007.007027. Mechanisms of varicose vein formation: valve dysfunction and wall dilation
    In varicose veins, there are reflux and incompetent valves as well as vein wall dilation. Primary structural changes in the valves may make them ‘leaky’, with progressive reflux causing secondary changes in the vein wall. Alternatively, or concurrently, the valves may become incompetent secondary to structural abnormalities and focal dilation in vein wall segments near the valve junctions, and the reflux ensues as an epiphenomenon. The increase in venous pressure causes structural and functional changes in the vein wall that leads to further venous dilation. [Abstract]

  9. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chronic venous insufficiency
    Chronic venous insufficiency or CVI is a medical condition where the veins cannot pump enough oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. [Article]

  10. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Veneuze insufficiëntie
    De belangrijkste oorzaak voor veneuze insufficiëntie is het slecht functioneren van de kleppen in het veneuze systeem. Dit kan voorkomen bij spataders of door een aanlegstoornis (afwezige kleppen). Veneuze insufficiëntie kan veroorzaakt wordt door louter afwijkingen in de oppervlakkige venen: aan de benen zijn dat vooral de vena saphena magna (VSM) en vena saphena parva (VSP) en zijtakken daarvan. Deze gevallen kunnen behandeld worden door uitschakelen van de getroffen vaten. Als er belangrijke terugstroom van bloed is in het diepveneuze systeem (zoals vena femoralis of vena poplitea), is behandeling moeizaam.[Article]

    11. REVIEW

  11. Brake M1, Lim CS, Shepherd AC, Shalhoub J, Davies AH. J Vasc Surg. 2013 Mar;57(3):860-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.10.102. Pathogenesis and etiology of recurrent varicose veins
    Recurrent varicose veins (RVV) occur in 13% to 65% of patients following treatment, and remain a debilitating and costly problem. RVV were initially thought largely to be due to inadequate intervention, however, more recently neovascularization and other factors have been implicated. Three types of RVV have been reported, namely residual veins, true RVV, and new varicose veins, although the definitions varied between studies. Neovascularization is an established and common cause of RVV.[Abstract]

  12. Vascular Disease Foundation Chronic venous insufficiency
    Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a common cause of
    leg pain and swelling, and is commonly associated with
    varicose veins. Over time, CVI may result in varicose veins, swelling and discoloration of the legs, itching and the development of ulcers near the ankles. [Article]

Horse-chestnut seed extract paardekastanje (Aesculus hippocastanum)

    Effectief en veilig

    META

  1. Pittler MH1, Ernst E. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Nov 14;11:CD003230. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003230.pub4 Horse chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficienc
    The evidence presented suggests that HCSE is an efficacious and safe short-term treatment for CVI. However, several caveats exist and larger, definitive RCTs are required to confirm the efficacy of this treatment option.[Abstract]

    2. META

  2. Siebert U1, Brach M, Sroczynski G, Berla K. Int Angiol. 2002 Dec;21(4):305-15. fficacy, routine effectiveness, and safety of horsechestnut seed extract in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and large observational studies
    Based on meta-analyses of RCTs and observational studies, HCSE appears to be an effective and safe treatment for CVI. Further RCTs and carefully conducted large-scale observational studies are required to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of HCSE in routine settings.[Abstract]

    3. REVIEW

  3. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Nov;134(11):1356-60. Horse-chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency. A criteria-based systematic review
    These data imply that HCSE is superior to placebo and as effective as reference medications in alleviating the objective signs and subjective symptoms of CVI. Thus, HCSE represents a treatment option for CVI that is worth considering.[Article]

    4. REVIEW

  4. Suter A1, Bommer S, Rechner J. Adv Ther. 2006 Jan-Feb;23(1):179-90. Treatment of patients with venous insufficiency with fresh plant horse chestnut seed extract: a review of 5 clinical studieshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16644618
    Four clinical trials in patients with chronic venous insufficiency and 1 study in patients with varicose veins demonstrated the effectiveness of these preparations through the objective measure of reduction in lower leg edema and the subjective alleviation of leg pain, heaviness, and itching. Safe, well tolerated, and acceptable to patients, the fresh plant HCSE preparation Aesculaforce offers a real alternative in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate venous insufficiency.[Abstract]

    5. Oedeem

    RCT

  5. Diehm C, Trampisch HJ, Lange S, Schmidt C. Lancet. 1996 Feb 3;347(8997):292-4. Comparison of leg compression stocking and oral horse-chestnut seed extract therapy in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
    These results indicate that compression stocking therapy and HCSE therapy are alternative therapies for the effective treatment of patients with oedema resulting from chronic venous insufficiency.[Abstract]

    6. RCT

  6. Diehm C, Vollbrecht D, Amendt K, Comberg HU. Vasa. 1992;21(2):188-92. Medical edema protection–clinical benefit in patients with chronic deep vein incompetence. A placebo controlled double blind study
    Treatment with an edema protective agent of the horse chestnut seed extract type is thus a useful adjunct to compression therapy. The tested preparation were well tolerated.[Abstract]

    7. RCT

  7. Bisler H, Pfeifer R, Klüken N, Pauschinger P. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1986 Aug 29;111(35):1321-9. Effects of horse-chestnut seed extract on transcapillary filtration in chronic venous insufficiency
    It is concluded that Venostasin has an inhibitory effect on oedema formation via a decrease in transcapillary filtration and thus improves oedema-related symptoms in venous diseases of the legs.[Abstract]

    8. RCT

  8. Rehn D, Unkauf M, Klein P, Jost V, Lücker PW. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996 May;46(5):483-7. Comparative clinical efficacy and tolerability of oxerutins and horse chestnut extract in patients with chronic venous insufficiency
    Subjective criteria were descriptively evaluated. HR (1000 mg/d) was proven to be equivalent or better, reducing the leg volume (AUB0-18) by -5273 +/- 11418 ml.d compared to -3187 +/- 10842 ml.d under HR (1000 mg/d and 500 mg/d), and -3004 +/- 7429 ml.d under HCE-treatment. Both compounds exhibit a substantial carry-over effect. The maintenance posology of HR is able to stabilize the therapeutic obtained under initial dose conditions.[Abstract]

    9. RCT

  9. Ottillinger B1, Greeske K. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2001;1:5. Rational therapy of chronic venous insufficiency–chances and limits of the therapeutic use of horse-chestnut seeds extract
    Due to its ability to close the venular endothelial gaps, HCSE seems to be a suitable and protecting therapy during the early stages of CVI. In later more severe stages compression therapy is indicated.[Article]


  10. .[Abstract]

Pycnogenol (OPC)

    REVIEW

  1. Shi J1, Yu J, Pohorly JE, Kakuda Y. J Med Food. 2003 Winter;6(4):291-9. Polyphenolics in grape seeds-biochemistry and functionality
    Scientific studies have shown that the antioxidant power of proanthocyanidins is 20 times greater than vitamin E and 50 times greater than vitamin C.[Abstract]

    2. RCT

    Effectief voor CVI en micro-angiopathie

    RCT

  2. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Apr;12(2):205-12. Comparison of Pycnogenol and Daflon in treating chronic venous insufficiency: a prospective, controlled study
    In conclusion, this study confirms the fast clinical efficacy of Pycnogenol in patients with chronic venous insufficiency and venous microangiopathy and its superiority-considering the evaluated parameters-to the combination of diosmin and hesperidin.[Article]

    3. RCT

  3. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Phytomedicine. 2010 Sep;17(11):835-9. Epub 2010 Jun 25. Improvement of signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency and microangiopathy with Pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study
    This study corroborates a significant clinical role for Pycnogenol in the management, treatment and control of CVI also in combination with compression.[Abstract]

    4. CLINICAL

  4. Cesarone MR1, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Angiology. 2006 Oct-Nov;57(5):569-76. Rapid relief of signs/symptoms in chronic venous microangiopathy with pycnogenol: a prospective, controlled study
    The study indicates the significant clinical role of Pycnogenol in the management, treatment and control of this common clinical problem. The treatment may be also useful to prevent ulcerations by controlling the level of venous microangiopathy.[Abstract]

    5. RCT

  5. Belcaro G1, Cesarone MR, Errichi BM, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Stuard S, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Rohdewald P, Ippolito E, Ricci A, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Fano F, Hosoi M. Angiology. 2005 Nov-Dec;56(6):699-705. Venous ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with local use of Pycnogenol
    According to this pilot study Pycnogenol appears to have an important role in local treatment of venous ulcers improving healing and signs/symptoms.[Abstract]

    6. Oedeem

    REVIEW

  6. Gulati OP. Phytother Res. 2014 Mar;28(3):348-62. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5019. Pycnogenol® in chronic venous insufficiency and related venous disorders
    Clinical studies have shown that it can reduce oedema of the legs in CVI, reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis during long haul flights and enhance the healing of venous ulcers and haemorrhoidal episodes by topical application and/or oral administration. This review highlights clinical research findings on the safety, compliance and efficacy of Pycnogenol, including its use in combination products.[Abstract]

    7. RCT

  7. Arcangeli P. Fitoterapia. 2000 Jun;71(3):236-44. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency
    Approximately 60% of patients treated with Pycnogenol(R) experienced a complete disappearance of edema (the most rapidly disappearing symptom) and pain at the end of the treatment, while almost all the patients reported a reduction in leg heaviness which disappeared in approximately 33% of patients. These changes were statistically significant. No effect was observed in the placebo-treated subjects. No effect on the venous blood flow was observed in either of the experimental groups.[Abstract]

  8. Koch R. Phytother Res. 2002 Mar;16 Suppl 1:S1-5. Comparative study of Venostasin and Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency
    Pycnogenol significantly reduced the circumference of the lower limbs and significantly improved subjective symptoms. Furthermore, Pycnogenol significantly decreased cholesterol and LDL values in the blood, whereas HDL remained unaffected.[Abstract]

    9. Verbetering vaatwand

    OTHER

  9. Belcaro G, Dugall M, Luzzi R, Hosoi M, Corsi M. Int J Angiol. 2014 Mar;23(1):47-52. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1363785. Improvements of venous tone with pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency: an ex vivo study on venous segments
    Pycnogenol seems to decrease passive dilatation and stretching and gives vein walls a greater tonic recovery and elasticity that allows the vein to recover its original shape after dynamic stresses.[Abstract]

    10. Veiligheid

    RCT

  10. Petrassi C, Mastromarino A, Spartera C. Phytomedicine. 2000 Oct;7(5):383-8. PYCNOGENOL in chronic venous insufficiency
    The safety of use of Pycnogenol is demonstrated by the lack of side effects or changes in blood biochemistry and hematologic parameters. Pycnogenol can be therefore recommended both for prevention and treatment of CVI and related veno-capillary disturbances.[Abstract]

Rutosides

    CVI

    REVIEW

  1. Bamigboye AA1, Smyth R. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jan 24;(1):CD001066. Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy
    Rutosides appear to help relieve the symptoms of varicose veins in late pregnancy. However, this finding is based on one small study (69 women) and there are not enough data presented in the study to assess its safety in pregnancy.[Abstract]

    2. REVIEW

  2. Bamigboye AA1, Hofmeyr GJ. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2006 Nov;129(1):3-8. Interventions for leg edema and varicosities in pregnancy. What evidence?
    In conclusions, rutosides appear to relieve symptoms of venous insufficiency in late pregnancy. However, it is not known if the drug is safe in pregnancy.[Abstract]

    3. RCT

  3. Petruzzellis V, Troccoli T, Candiani C, Guarisco R, Lospalluti M, Belcaro G, Dugall M. Angiology. 2002 May-Jun;53(3):257-63. Oxerutins (Venoruton): efficacy in chronic venous insufficiency–a double-blind, randomized, controlled study
    Considering both noninvasive tests and clinical evaluation, oxerutins is effective in controlling chronic venous hypertension, without side effect, and with good tolerability.[Abstract]

    4. RCT

  4. Sohn C1, Jähnichen C, Bastert G. Zentralbl Gynakol. 1995;117(4):190-7. Effectiveness of beta-hydroxyethylrutoside in patients with varicose veins in pregnancy
    In the group of patients who were additionally given drugs, a significant reduction of all parameters was found: leg circumference was reduced by 3% and diameters of veins were reduced by 15% on average, the reduction of the subjective criteria was by 34%. Provided the veins were prevented from further extension through progressive varicosis, apparent beneficial clinical effects can be achieved by administration of beta-hydroxyethyl rutosides.[Abstract]

    5. RCT

  5. Renton S1, Leon M, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN. Int Angiol. 1994 Sep;13(3):259-62. The effect of hydroxyethylrutosides on capillary filtration in moderate venous hypertension: a double blind study
    In conclusion, the WV time can be used to assess the beneficial effect of therapy on capillary filtration in subjects with mild-moderate venous hypertension, even after a short period of treatment, and before other microcirculatory parameters change. Furthermore, the changes observed in WV time correlate well with an improvement in patients symptoms.[Abstract]

    6. CLINICAL

  6. Cesarone MR1, Belcaro G, Ricci A, Brandolini R, Pellegrini L, Dugall M, Di Renzo A, Vinciguerra G, Gizzi G, Cornelli U, Errichi BM, Corsi M, Ippolito E, Adovasio R, Cacchio M, Stuard S, Larnier C, Candiani C, Cerritelli F. Angiology. 2005 May-Jun;56(3):289-93. Prevention of edema and flight microangiopathy with Venoruton (HR), (0-[beta-hydroxyethyl]-rutosides) in patients with varicose veins
    This study confirms that HR prophylaxis is effective to control flight microangiopathy associated with edema.[Abstract]

    7. REVIEW

  7. Young GL1, Jewell D. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001066. Interventions for varicosities and leg oedema in pregnancy
    Rutosides appear to relieve symptoms of venous insufficiency in late pregnancy. However it is not known if the drug is safe in pregnancy. [Abstract]

    8. Oedeem

    REVIEW

  8. Bamigboye AA, Smyth R. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007 Jan 24;(1):CD001066. Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy
    Rutosides appear to help relieve the symptoms of varicose veins in late pregnancy. However, this finding is based on one small study (69 women) and there are not enough data presented in the study to assess its safety in pregnancy. It therefore cannot be routinely recommended. Reflexology appears to help improve symptoms for women with leg oedema, but again this is based on one small study (43 women). External compression stockings do not appear to have any advantages in reducing oedema.[Abstract]

    9. RCT

  9. MacLennan WJ1, Wilson J, Rattenhuber V, Dikland WJ, Vanderdonckt J, Moriau M. Gerontology. 1994;40(1):45-52. Hydroxyethylrutosides in elderly patients with chronic venous insufficiency: its efficacy and tolerability
    A small reduction was also seen in ankle and calf circumferences, which became significant at the end of the trial (p < 0.05). Pitting oedema of the leg (p < 0.01) and eczema of the leg (p < 0.05) also improved significantly greater than in the control group.[Abstract]

    10. CLINICAL

  10. Cesarone MR1, Belcaro G, Ippolito E, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Luzzi R, Ricci A, Dugall M, Bavera P, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M.`Panminerva Med. 2010 Jun;52(2 Suppl 1):43-8. Clinical improvement in chronic venous insufficiency signs and symptoms with Venoruton® (HR): an 8-month, open-registry, cost-efficacy study
    The study confirms the long-term efficacy of HR in CVI patients. Controlling signs/symptoms and edema in CVI with HR also prevents the most severe complications of CVI.[Abstract]

    11. RCT

  11. Cesarone MR1, Belcaro G, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Di Renzo A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M. Angiology. 2005 Jan-Feb;56(1):1-8. HR, 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides, in comparison with diosmin+hesperidin in chronic venous insufficiency and venous microangiopathy: an independent, prospective, comparative registry study
    The comparison with D+H indicates that HR is comparatively more effective both on microcirculatory parameters and on signs/symptoms of CVI.[Abstract]

    12. Micro angiopathie

    RCT

  12. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Di Renzo A, Ruffini I, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cornelli U, Hosoi M, Cacchio M. Angiology. 2006 Mar-Apr;57(2):131-8. Venoruton vs Daflon: evaluation of effects on quality of life in chronic venous insufficiency
    In conclusion, CVI, venous microangiopathy, and edema were significantly improved by the treatment with oxerutins; the improvement in QOL was significantly greater in the oxerutins group. The comparison with D+H indicates that oxerutins is comparatively more effective on Ve-QOL and on signs/symptoms of CVI.[Abstract]

    13. RCT

  13. Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Bavera P, Ricci A, Renton S, Leon M, Ippolito E, Dugall M, Acerbi G. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2002 Jul;7(3):139-45. HR (Venoruton1000, Paroven, 0-[beta-hydroxyethyl]-rutosides) vs. Daflon 500 in chronic venous disease and microangiopathy: an independent prospective, controlled, randomized trial
    Venous microangiopathy was improved by the treatment with Venoruton. The comparison with Daflon indicates that HR is comparatively more effective both on microcirculatory parameters and on signs and symptoms.[Abstract]

    14. RCT

  14. Incandela L, Belcaro G, Renton S, DeSanctis MT, Cesarone MR, Bavera P, Ippolito E, Bucci M, Griffin M, Geroulakos G, Dugall M, Golden G, Acerbi G. HR (Paroven, Venoruton; 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides) in venous hypertensive microangiopathy: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial
    CONCLUSION: Venous microangiopathy was improved by HR treatment.[Abstract]

    15. CLINICAL

  15. Belcaro G1, Rosaria Cesarone M, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Ruffini I, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Di Renzo A, Dugall M, Corsi M, Marino Santarelli AR, Grossi MG. Angiology. 2008 Feb-Mar;59 Suppl 1:7S-13S. doi: 10.1177/0003319707312021. O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides systemic and local treatment in chronic venous disease and microangiopathy: an independent prospective comparative study
    At 4 and 8 weeks, the improvement in skin flux (which is decreased by all measurements), the increase in PO2, and the decrease in PCO2 (indicating microcirculatory improvement) are statistically significantly greater in the combined oral plus topical treatment group (P < .05).[Abstract]

    16. Veiligheid

  16. Stuard S1, Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Dugall M, Ledda A, Cacchio M, Ricci A, Ippolito E, Di Renzo A, Grossi MG Int J Angiol. 2008 Fall;17(3):143-8. Five-year treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with O-(?-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides: safety aspects
    In conclusion, HR treatment is safe, and some positive effects from HR on cholesterol levels and microalbuminuria (in diabetic patients) that were previously observed may suggest potential new clinical applications.[Article]

    17. Geneesmiddel

  17. Novartis Venoruton®
    Venoruton is een medicinale behandeling van zichtbare bloeddoorstromingsproblemen in de benen, met hydroxyethylrutosides als werkzame stof. Als gevolg van een gestoorde bloedafvoer door de aderen in de benen kan het voorkomen dat de kleinste aderen (haarvaten) te veel vocht doorlaten. Venoruton verstevigt de aderwand en vermindert daarmee de doorlaatbaarheid voor vocht in deze haarvaten.[Article]

  18. CBG Venoruton geneesmiddel registratie
    .[Article]

Diosmin

  1. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Daflon
    This medicine is a venotonic (it increases venous tone) and a vasculoprotector (it increases resistance in small blood vessels).[1] It is recommended[by whom?] for treating venous circulation disorders (swollen legs, pain, restless legs) and for treating acute hemorrhoidal attack. For venous insufficiency, the dosage is 2 tablets daily. For acute hemorrhoidal attack, the dosage is 6 tablets daily for 4 days, followed by 4 tablets daily over the next 3 days.[Article]

    2. CLINICAL

  2. Maksimovi? ZV1, Maksimovi? M, Jadranin D, Kuzmanovi? I, Andonovi? O. Acta Chir Iugosl. 2008;55(4):53-9. Medicamentous treatment of chronic venous insufficiency using semisynthetic diosmin–a prospective study
    Administration of semisynthetic diosmin during 30 days results in significant improvement of clinical signs, quality of life and CEAP stage of HVI.[Abstract]

    3. RCT

  3. Cesarone MR1, Belcaro G, Rohdewald P, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Vinciguerra G, Ricci A, Gizzi G, Ippolito E, Fano F, Dugall M, Acerbi G, Cacchio M, Di Renzo A, Hosoi M, Stuard S, Corsi M. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006 Apr;12(2):205-12. Comparison of Pycnogenol and Daflon in treating chronic venous insufficiency: a prospective, controlled study
    A group of 86 patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), venous hypertension, ankle swelling) and previous history of venous ulcerations received either oral Pycnogenol (capsules) 150 mg or 300 mg daily for 8 weeks or Daflon, 1,000 mg/day. In conclusion, this study confirms the fast clinical efficacy of Pycnogenol in patients with chronic venous insufficiency and venous microangiopathy and its superiority-considering the evaluated parameters-to the combination of diosmin and hesperidin.[Article]

    4. RCT

  4. Ibegbuna V1, Nicolaides AN, Sowade O, Leon M, Geroulakos G. Ibegbuna V1, Nicolaides AN, Sowade O, Leon M, Geroulakos G. Venous elasticity after treatment with Daflon 500 mg
    The results of the Wilcoxon rank sum test indicated that 4 weeks’ therapy with Daflon 500 mg is effective in improving venous tone in patients with symptoms but without varicose veins.[Abstract]

    5. RCT

  5. Tsouderos Y. Z Kardiol. 1991;80 Suppl 7:95-101. Venous tone: are the phlebotonic properties predictive of a therapeutic benefit? A comprehensive view of our experience with Daflon 500 mg
    Venodilation has been shown to enhance clinical expression of venous insufficiency and, therefore, it has been suggested that increase of venous tone should improve clinical symptoms.[Abstract]

    6. META

  6. Smith PC. Angiology. 2005 Sep-Oct;56 Suppl 1:S33-9. Daflon 500 mg and venous leg ulcer: new results from a meta-analysis
    These results confirm that venous ulcer healing is accelerated by Daflon 500 mg treatment. Daflon 500 mg might be a useful adjunct to conventional therapy in large and longstanding ulcers that might be expected to heal slowly.[Abstract]

    7. META

  7. Coleridge-Smith P1, Lok C, Ramelet AA. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005 Aug;30(2):198-208. Venous leg ulcer: a meta-analysis of adjunctive therapy with micronized purified flavonoid fraction
    These results confirm that venous ulcer healing is accelerated by MPFF treatment. MPFF might be a useful adjunct to conventional therapy in large and long standing ulcers.[Article]

    8. RCT

  8. Roztocil K1, Stvrtinová V, Strejcek J. Int Angiol. 2003 Mar;22(1):24-31. Efficacy of a 6-month treatment with Daflon 500 mg in patients with venous leg ulcers associated with chronic venous insufficiency
    Six months of Daflon 500 mg in addition to compression significantly improve some clinical symptoms and accelerate the healing process in patients with ulcerous complications of CVI, with a good acceptability.[Abstract]

    9. REVIEW

  9. Frick RW. Angiology. 2000 Mar;51(3):197-205. Three treatments for chronic venous insufficiency: escin, hydroxyethylrutoside, and Daflon
    Additional independent effects that would be useful for the treatment of CVI are that they reduce permeability and fragility; HR, Daflon, and perhaps escin increase venous tone; escin inhibits hyaluronidase; Daflon and probably HR are attracted to the veins. With regard to similarity, no differences in effect have been established among these phlebotonics.[Abstract]