Wetenschappelijk onderzoek over prostaatklacten

Het protocol voor de behandeling prostaatklachten is op basis van wetenschappelijke publicaties ontwikkeld. Hierbij is gebruik gemaakt van de National Library of Medicine (PubMed). Daar waar mogelijk werden studies die opgezet zijn volgens het “placebo controlled cross-over” principe gebruikt. Andere vormen die vaak werden gebruik zijn reviews en epidemiologisch onderzoek. Publicaties uit bladen als The Lancet, American Journal of Cardiology, The New England Journal of Medicine hadden de voorkeur

Referenties artikelen over prostaatproblemen

Referenties prostaatklachten – Pygeum africanum

1. Urological and sexual evaluation of treatment of benign prostatic disease using Pygeum africanum at high doses
   
   Pygeum Africanum extract administration improved all the urinary parameters we investigated; prostatic echography relieved reduction of peri-urethral edema. Also an improvement of sexual behaviour has been obtained; but we have not found significant differences between serum hormonal levels before and after therapy, as well as for NPTR
2. Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia
   
   A standardized preparation of Pygeum africanum may be a useful treatment option for men with lower urinary symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia
3. Efficacy and acceptability of tadenan (Pygeum africanum extract) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): a multicentre trial in central Europe
   
   In conclusion, under conditions of daily practice, Pygeum africanum extract induces significant improvement in IPSS and uroflowmetry parameters. These positive effects are accompanied by a very satisfactory safety profile with the overall result of a substantial improvement in QoL.

Referenties prostaatklachten – Saw palmetto (Serenoa repens)

1. Saw palmetto for prostate disorders
   
   The often distressing symptoms of BPH can be effectively ameliorated already after only a few weeks of treatment with the sabal-urtica preparation PRO 160/120. In particular those patients with the stigmatizing symptoms urinary urgency and frequency benefit from such treatment.
2. Is there a scientific basis for the therapeutic effects of serenoa repens in benign prostatic hyperplasia? Mechanisms of action
   
   Set against the background of our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the aging prostate, the results of these studies suggest a wide spectrum of activity. However, precise mechanism(s) of action remain obscure. Balance and caution are needed when extrapolating the results of in vitro laboratory studies to the complex human situation.
3. Saw palmetto alters nuclear measurements reflecting DNA content in men with symptomatic BPH: evidence for a possible molecular mechanism
   
   Six months of SPHB treatment appears to alter the DNA chromatin structure and organization in prostate epithelial cells. Thus, a possible molecular basis for tissue changes and therapeutic effect of the compound is suggested
4. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia
   
   The evidence suggests that Serenoa repens provides mild to moderate improvement in urinary symptoms and flow measures. Serenoa repens produced similar improvement in urinary symptoms and flow compared to finasteride and is associated with fewer adverse treatment events. The long term effectiveness, safety and ability to prevent BPH complications are not known. The results of this update are in agreement with our initial review.
5. Role of phytotherapy in men with lower urinary tract symptoms
   
   Serenoa repens has proven its role in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia and will remain as a viable first-line treatment option

Referenties prostaatklachten – Brandnetel (Urtica dioica)

1. Stinging nettle root extract (Bazoton-uno) in long term treatment of benign prostatic syndrome (BPS). Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled multicenter study after 12 months
   
   The number of adverse events (29/38) as well as urinary infections etc. (3/10 events) was smaller under Bazoton uno therapy compared to placebo. Treatment with Bazoton uno can therefore be considered a safe therapeutic option for BPS, especially for reducing irritative symptoms and BPS-associated complications due to the postulated antiphlogistic and antiproliferative effects of the stinging nettle extract.
2. Long-term efficacy and safety of a combination of sabal and urtica extract for lower urinary tract symptoms–a placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial
   
   In conclusion, PRO 160/120 was clearly superior to the placebo for the amelioration of LUTS as measured by the I-PSS. PRO 160/120 is advantageous in obstructive and irritative urinary symptoms and in patients with moderate and severe symptoms. The tolerability of the herbal extract was excellent.

Referenties prostaatklachten – Quercetine

1. Quercetin in men with category III chronic prostatitis: a preliminary prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
   
   Therapy with the bioflavonoid quercetin is well tolerated and provides significant symptomatic improvement in most men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

Referenties prostaatklachten – Fytotherapie

1. Complementary and alternative medicine for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
   
   Saw palmetto, cernilton and quercetin were the most frequently tested supplements for CP/CPPS. Although many CAM therapies demonstrate positive preliminary observations as prospective treatments for CP/CPPS, further exploratory studies including more randomized, controlled trials are necessary for significant validation as treatment options for this complex disorder.
2. Phytotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia
   
   Overall, it is likely that herbal therapy will continue to be used by a growing number of Americans to treat a variety of ailments. Physicians should attempt to remain open-minded regarding alternative approaches and educate themselves so that they may counsel patients in an informed and credible fashion.
3. Phytotherapy in chronic prostatitis
   
   These treatments include zinc, cernilton (bee pollen), quercetin, and saw palmetto. Although many of these therapies appear promising in small preliminary studies, phytotherapy requires the same scientific criteria for validation and acceptance as do conventional medical therapies.

Referenties prostaatklachten – Zink

1. A clinical study of biological zinc for the treatment of male infertility with chronic prostatitis
   
   It is suggested that biological zinc has the effect of increasing zinc concentration in semen, and the supplementation of biological zinc for one of the effective methods for the treatment of MICP
2. Clinical study of zinc for the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis
   
   It is suggested that biological organic zinc is effective for the treatment of CBP.
3. Effects of pollen extract EA-10, P5 on chronic prostatitis or infertility with chronic prostatitis
   
   There was inter-correlation between oxygen free radicals (OFR) and occurrence, development, and recovery of CP; Change of OFR may be involved in the drug action mechanism of EA-10, P5 in the treatment of CP or infertility with CP.

Referenties prostaatklachten – Pollen extract

1. Effects of pollen extract EA-10, P5 on chronic prostatitis or infertility with chronic prostatitis
   
   There was inter-correlation between oxygen free radicals (OFR) and occurrence, development, and recovery of CP; Change of OFR may be involved in the drug action mechanism of EA-10, P5 in the treatment of CP or infertility with CP.
2. Effects of pollen extract preparation Prostat/Poltit on lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
   
   Prostat/Poltit is superior to placebo in providing symptomatic relief in men with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.
3. Treatment of chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia with pollen extract
   
   Cernilton was found to be effective in the treatment of chronic prostatitis and prostatodynia. Its precise mode of action is not known, although experimental studies suggest that it has anti-inflammatory and anti-androgenic properties.

Referenties prostaatklachten – Essentiele vetzuren

1. Comparison of fatty acid profiles in the serum of patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia
   
   It was proposed that the changed composition level of PUFAs including omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs have certain relationship with both prostatic diseases. Therefore, the ratio of omega-3/omega-6 PUFAs also may have an important association with the benign and malignant status of prostatic disease.
2. Dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and the risk of prostate cancer
   
   Increased dietary intakes of ALA may increase the risk of advanced prostate cancer. In contrast, EPA and DHA intakes may reduce the risk of total and advanced prostate cancer
3. Dietary N-6 and N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: a review of epidemiological and experimental evidence
   
   Long-chain n -3 PUFA from fish are possible promising nutrients for the dietary prevention of PCa, but to-date with little epidemiological support. In contrast, studies suggest that alpha -linolenic acid intake might be a risk factor. New work, both epidemiological and experimental, is awaited to clarify these results.
4. Lijnzoaadolie verhoogd de kans op prostaatkanker
   
   Alfa-linoleenzuur inlijnzaadolie verhoogt bij mannen de kans op het krijgen van prostaatkanker. Bovendien versnelt alfa-linoleenzuur de progressie van prostaatkanker bij mannen die deze ziekte al hebben. Dat kan men dus nauwelijks gezond noemen. Daarom adviseer ik mannen geen lijnzaadolie te gebruiken.

Referenties prostaatklachten – Selenium / Vitamine E

1. Selenium and inhibition of disease progression in men diagnosed with prostate carcinoma: study design and baseline characteristics of the ‘Watchful Waiting’ Study.
   
   Reports from the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) study reported that dietary supplementation with selenium significantly reduced the risk of developing prostate cancer. These data led to initiation of the Watchful Waiting Study, a phase II, multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical intervention study testing the effects of two doses of selenized yeast on progression of prostate cancer.
2. Changes in serum proteomic patterns by presurgical alpha-tocopherol and L-selenomethionine supplementation in prostate cancer
   
   In sera from patients with prostate cancer, selenium and vitamin E combined induced statistically significant proteomic pattern changes associated with prostate cancer-free status.
3. Clinical models for testing chemopreventative agents in prostate cancer and overview of SELECT: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial
   
   Preclinical, epidemiologic, and Phase II data suggest that both selenium and vitamin E have potential efficacy in prostate cancer prevention.
4. The selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial
   
   Evidence suggests that both selenium and vitamin E reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) is a randomized, prospective, double-blind study designed to determine whether selenium and vitamin E alone and in combination can reduce the risk of prostate cancer among healthy men

Referenties prostaatklachten – Lycopeen

1. Tomato sauce supplementation and prostate cancer: lycopene accumulation and modulation of biomarkers of carcinogenesis
   
   
   These data taken as a whole indicate significant uptake of lycopene into prostate tissue and a reduction in DNA damage in both leukocyte and prostate tissue. Whether reduction in DNA damage to prostate cancer cells is beneficial awaits further research, although reduction in serum PSA concentrations is promising.
2. Lower prostate cancer risk in men with elevated plasma lycopene levels: results of a prospective analysis
   
   These data provide further evidence that increased consumption of tomato products and other lycopene-containing foods might reduce the occurrence or progression of prostate cancer.
3. Effects of lycopene and tomato paste extracts on DNA and lipid oxidation in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells



Clinically relevant concentrations of lycopene and the tomato fraction containing lycopene significantly reduced LNCaP cancer cell survival which can only be partially explained by increased DNA damage at high lycopene concentrations (> 5 microM). Low concentrations of lycopene acted as a lipid antioxidant but did not protect DNA.